نشریه سراج منیر
سال چهارم شماره 14 (تابستان 1393)

One of the fictitious theories on the origins of the Shiism is the theory which considers Shiism a result of Abdollah Ibn Saba’s efforts. This theory has been put forward by Shia objectors for centuries now. Among them, Naser Alqaffari, one of the contemporary Wahhabi scholars, referring to Shia sources and books has claimed the same thing but differently from others. In present writing this claim will be rejected based on three reasons: 1.Existance of prevailing credible proves that Shiism was originated as a result of Prophet Mohammad’s (PBUH) efforts. 2. Analysis of the narration in which Shiism is attributed to Ibn Saba. 3. Ibn Saba’s contradictory believes to those of twelve-Imam Shiism. According to the conducted analyses we can conclude that the origins of Shiism dates back to the very time of Prophet Mohammad Himself. Ibn Saba, supposing such person ever existed, had believes totally different than those of the Shiites. And none of the Shia sources has considered him as an origin of Shiism.

Islamic schools of thought specially Deobandi are moderate movements and are away from extremism. And we cannot consider those extremist takfiri groups which for certain reasons, were formed within Deobandi school of thought, and have no support of the said school scholars, excommunicating and killing the Muslims, as the whole body of the school. The issue of takfir or excommunication has existed since early days of Islam and does not belong to a certain time or sect of Islam. And Islamic schools of thought have set some special standards and rules for it. This writing tries to explain the criterion for being Muslim or Kafir and clarify the standards of excommunication in Deobandi School. And tries to prove that the scholars and figures of Deobandi have not excommunicated the Muslims the people of Qibla according to delusive pretexts, and if some people in the name of this school, have excommunicated some of the Muslims and carried out terrorist attacks on them, the whole school cannot be accused of extremism.

Wahhabism and The Muslim Brotherhood are two Salaffist groups but have fundamental disagreement regarding the issue of governing. Wahhabism does not consider the issue of governing seriously. For them obeying a ruler, although a libertine one, is a must. On the other hand, the main goal of The Muslim Brotherhood is to establish a government so that the Islamic rules are preserved. They do not consider a government legitimate unless the Islamic rules are enforced. Wahhabism does not believe in new political procedures and especially in women’s vote, but the latter regards people as one of the major criteria for legitimacy of a government. And give them the right to elect and bring down governments.

In this article a hadith of Prophet Mohammad is analyzed.  The hadith which is mentioned mostly in Sunni and Wahhabi sources, says “oh Allah do not put my grave an idol to be worshiped”. After analyzing the chain of narrators and the content of this hadith it will be clear if it has been said by Prophet Mohammad or not. And if so, what did he mean by that. This hadith has been mentioned in some of Shia sources too. The writer of this article believes that the said hadith is fictitious. This understanding will be the main approach of this writing, and an analysis is given to prove this understanding. And we will shortly discuss its origins and why it is fictitious.

As a key concept, worshipping has some elements that need to be taken in to consideration. The more irrelevant any definition is to these elements, the more incorrect it will be. The concept worshipping needs three elements to be actualized; the worshiped, the worshipper and the devotional act. Every single of these components have certain features, these components are called elements of the concept of worshipping. We can infer from the term the worshipped that, according to Quran, we use the word worshipped for a deity. The worshipped should have godship, so that the worshipping has its actual meaning. Since the term worshipping is used for the deeds of the polytheist, too, it is obvious that here the god or deity is not a real one, but it’s a god that worshipper believes to be real. This can be inferred from the first and second element of worshipping. The second thing that can be inferred from the term the worshipper is the humble submissiveness toward the worshipped found within the worshipper not his action. And this is considered as the second element. And the third element which is hidden in the devotional act is the preference and importance of the act itself for the worshipped. Combination of these three elements actualize the concept of worshipping. generally speaking, worshipping means “doing a preferable act out of humble submissiveness toward God”